Tolstoy's Math
Sarang, in comments, derides Tolstoy's analogy between math and history. I am inclined to cut Tolstoy some slack, because I quite like the analogy. But it does seem to be true that you don't need much math to show that the Achilles-tortoise "paradox" is not paradoxical at all.
Imagine that Achilles runs at 1 meter per second, while the tortoise runs at 0.1m/s. Imagine that Achilles starts 1 meter behind the tortoise. Then in one second, Achilles will have reached the place the tortoise started, but the tortoise will have advanced 0.1 meter. In another 1/10 of a second, Achilles will have reached this point, but the tortoise will have moved on. Hence the "paradox."
So set t = to the amount of time that it will take Achilles to catch the tortoise. It will take him one second, plus 1/10 of a second, plus 1/100 of a second, and so on.
t = 1 + 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ....
Set m = 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ...
So t = 1 + m.
Now multiply both sides by 10.
10t = 10 + 10m = 10 + 1 + m
Now subtract t from 10t:
10t - t = (10 + 1 + m) - (1 + m)
9t = 10 + (1 + m) - (1 + m)
9t = 10
t = 10/9
So apparently Achilles will catch the tortoise in 10/9 of a second.
Sarang, have I fucked something up?
Imagine that Achilles runs at 1 meter per second, while the tortoise runs at 0.1m/s. Imagine that Achilles starts 1 meter behind the tortoise. Then in one second, Achilles will have reached the place the tortoise started, but the tortoise will have advanced 0.1 meter. In another 1/10 of a second, Achilles will have reached this point, but the tortoise will have moved on. Hence the "paradox."
So set t = to the amount of time that it will take Achilles to catch the tortoise. It will take him one second, plus 1/10 of a second, plus 1/100 of a second, and so on.
t = 1 + 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ....
Set m = 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + ...
So t = 1 + m.
Now multiply both sides by 10.
10t = 10 + 10m = 10 + 1 + m
Now subtract t from 10t:
10t - t = (10 + 1 + m) - (1 + m)
9t = 10 + (1 + m) - (1 + m)
9t = 10
t = 10/9
So apparently Achilles will catch the tortoise in 10/9 of a second.
Sarang, have I fucked something up?
4 Comments:
Seems right. (Easier way -- start Achilles at the origin, tortoise 1m ahead, equate their distances, so that t = 1 + 0.1 t; therefore t = 1/0.9.) But yes, that is how you would do it using infinite series.
That Zeno's paradox was ever thought paradoxical is something I find deeply weird.
I think the infinite series approach is useful because it makes explicit the point that even the sum of an infinite number of periods of time can add up to a finite - in fact quite short - period of time. This, it seems to me, is what really explodes the paradox.
But yes, amazing that it was ever considered a paradox.
yeah, like, to think that anyone ever thought 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 ... added up to anything other than 2 is pretty stunningck.
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